Sustainable use of training and testing lands impacted by wildland fire, which includes both prescribed fire and wildfire (often caused by ordnance use), requires an understanding of fire's role in managing the variety of fire-affected ecosystems on military installations. This session highlights ongoing research funded by SERDP and others to address a number of fire, natural resource, and land management-relevant issues related to wildland fire. It also will identify future research challenges needed to address wildland fire management and policy needs. Key topics will include wildland fire and the military mission, combustion physics of wildland fire (what ongoing SERDP research is telling us), managing wildfire risk over the long-term for ecosystem benefits, human dimensions of wildland fire management, future research needs from the manager and research manager perspectives, and the Wildland Fire Leadership Council, DoD, and the future of wildland fire science. The session closes with a panel discussion on future wildland fire science directions.